Papua New Guinea's Honours and Awards System: Recognising : Highest Civilian Awards

In a world where many selfless individuals tirelessly serve their communities without expecting recognition, Papua New Guinea's awards system stands as a testament to celebrating outstanding contributions. 

Although countless acts of service often go unnoticed, a select few individuals have been honoured and bestowed with medals for their remarkable dedication. This article delves into the history, categories, and notable recipients of these prestigious awards, shedding light on the individuals who have made a lasting impact on the nation.

A Legacy of Service - PNG's Highest Civilian Awards

The foundation of PNG's awards system dates back to 1975, a pivotal year when the country chose to remain a part of the British Commonwealth with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. 

Despite being geographically distant, the representation of the Queen in PNG was vested in the governor-general. 

The first individual to hold this office was Sir John Guise, inaugurated in 1975, a position he held until March 1, 1977. Subsequently, nine other vice regals followed in his footsteps, each contributing their unique service to the nation.

1. Sir Tore Lokoloko (1977-1983)

2. Sir Kingsford Debela (1983-1989)

3. Sir Ignatius Kilage (1989)

4. Sir Vincent Eri (1991)

5. Sir Wiwa Korowi (1991-1997)

6. Sir Sailas Atopare (1997-2003)

7. Sir Paulias Matane (2004-2010)

8. Sir Michael Ogio (2011-2017)

9. Grand Chief Sir Bob Bofeng Dadae (2017-present)

PNG's Honouring Tradition

After gaining independence, PNG initially adopted the Imperial Honours system. However, on its 30th anniversary, a new awards system was introduced in October 2005. 

The cornerstone of this system is the Order of PNG, which encompasses three orders and several medals. 

The announcement of this creation was made by then Prime Minister the late Sir Michel Somare on November 12, 2004, with the Princess Royal conducting the first investitures in early October 2005.

📷Jon Philp @AusHCPNG/Twitter

Royalty and Recognition

Members of the British royal family have been among the honoured recipients. Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Charles (the Prince of Wales), and Princess Anne (Princess Royal) have been recognised as Grand Companions of the Order of Logohu. 

Furthermore, Rear Admiral Timothy Laurence, Princess Anne's husband, was awarded the Companion of the Order of the Star of Melanesia.

Noteworthy Recipients

The inaugural honours list, commemorating PNG's 30th Independence anniversary, highlighted key figures who contributed significantly to nation-building. 

This included former Prime Minister Sir Julius Chan, former Governor-General Sir Tore Lokoloko, and other prominent individuals. 

The then Governor-General late Sir Paulias Matane and founding Prime Minister Grand Chief late Sir Michael Somare were also recognised as Grand Companions of the Order of Logohu.

Order of Papua New Guinea Awards

The Order of Papua New Guinea comprises three distinct awards, with the Order of Logohu being the primary category. 

This order encompasses four classes:

1. Grand Companion, 
2. Officer, 
3. Member, and 
4. National Logohu Medal. 

The Grand Companion title is reserved for citizens and others who exhibit exceptional service, achievement, and merit over a span of 20 years.

Companion of the Order of Logohu conferred to India PM Narendra Modi

Star of Melanesia

The Order of the Star of Melanesia features a single class, that of Companion. This award is bestowed for distinguished service to PNG and Melanesia over a 15-year period. 

Notable recipients include Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence, late Sir Rabbie Namaliu, and late Sir Brian Bell.

Honours and Awards

The hierarchy of honours includes the:

• Cross of Valour (CV), 
• Grand Companion of Logohu (GCL), 
• Companion of the Star of Melanesia (CSM), 
• Officer of Logohu (OL), 
• Member of Logohu (ML), and National Logohu Medal (LM)

There are also various other medals recognising service in fields like medicine, military, and public administration.

Papua New Guinea's Highest Civilian Awards

The honours and awards system in Papua New Guinea stands as a testament to the nation's commitment to recognising exceptional contributions. 

From its inception in 1975 to its evolution into the Order of PNG, this system has celebrated the dedication and selflessness of individuals who have positively impacted the country. As PNG continues to grow, so does its legacy of honouring those who serve with distinction.

LSAT Test Dates 2024: Plan Your Path to Law School Success

For aspiring lawyers and law school hopefuls, the LSAT (Law School Admission Test) is a critical step on the journey to a legal career. Proper planning and preparation are essential for success, and that includes knowing the LSAT test dates for 2024. 

Whether you're a student in the United States, Canada, or an international applicant, staying informed about these dates is vital to ensure you can meet all the registration and scheduling deadlines.

LSAT Test Dates 2024 in the United States and Canada

For those taking the LSAT in the United States, including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as Canada, here are the primary test dates for 2024:

1. January 2024: The year kicks off with the LSAT administration on January 12 and January 13. Registration opens on January 4, 2024, and the scheduling starts on November 30, 2023. The scores will be released on January 31, 2024.

2. February 2024: The LSAT will be administered on February 9, 2024. Registration opens on February 1, 2024, and scheduling starts on December 26, 2023. Scores for this test will be released on February 28, 2024.

3. April 2024: In April, you have the opportunity to take the LSAT on April 12, 2024. Registration opens on April 4, 2024, and scheduling starts on February 29, 2024. Scores will be released on May 1, 2024.

4. June 2024: The final LSAT test date for the first half of 2024 is in June, with test dates on June 7 and June 8. Registration opens on May 30, 2024, and scheduling begins on April 23, 2024. Scores will be released on June 26, 2024.

It's important to note that each administration's registration deadline is also the last day to request disability-related testing accommodations, assistive technology, a free Test Date Change, and/or a full refund. Fees will apply for test date changes requested after the registration deadline.

To find out about the LAW SCHOOL RANKS by US News, Click Here.

International LSAT Test Dates 2024

For international students planning to take the LSAT, specific test dates are available as well. It's crucial to ensure you select the right test date based on your location and needs. 

International test dates may vary from those in the United States and Canada, so make sure to check the LSAC website for the most up-to-date information.

Scheduling your LSAT test is a critical step in the process. To test in person at a test center, you must schedule your test within 7 days of scheduling opening. If you're unable to do so, you can request a test date change (fees will apply) through your LSAC online account. Failure to schedule or request a test date change will result in automatic withdrawal of your LSAT registration without a refund.

For those opting for remote testing, you must schedule your test at least 3 days before testing begins for your administration. Similar to in-person testing, if you can't meet this deadline, you can request a test date change (fees will apply) through your LSAC online account. Again, failure to schedule or request a test date change will result in automatic withdrawal of your LSAT registration without a refund.

Before scheduling a remote test, ensure your testing space and equipment meet the remote-testing requirements outlined on the LSAC website.

RECOMMENDED: Highest Paying Jobs for Criminal Justice Degree Holders in the US

Stay Updated and Plan Ahead

To stay updated on the latest LSAT test dates, registration deadlines, and any potential changes or website maintenance, visit the LSAC website at [https://www.lsac.org/LSATdates]. 

Planning ahead and adhering to deadlines are key to a smooth LSAT registration and test-taking experience, helping you take one step closer to achieving your dream of becoming a lawyer.

Online Criminal Justice Degree: Factors to Consider

Deciding on the right online criminal justice degree program can be a daunting task, given the multitude of options available. The significance of education and its impact on your future makes this choice critical. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide to help you navigate through the crucial factors that should influence your decision. 

By understanding these key considerations, you'll be better equipped to choose an online criminal justice degree program that aligns with your goals, aspirations, and learning style.

Career Objectives in Criminal Justice

Before embarking on your search for the perfect online criminal justice degree program, it's essential to have a clear understanding of your career objectives. 

Whether you aspire to be a police officer, crime scene specialist, or forensic psychologist, defining your goals will guide your program selection. 

Different universities offer specialised concentrations and certifications, so ensuring that your chosen program matches your aspirations is crucial. Also, consider universities - for PNG Students choose an Australia, Singapore and New Zealand university,  that offer accelerated bachelor's to master's pathways if you plan to pursue further education.

Ideally, a country that is in the similar time zones so that you can work with 1 or 2 hours time difference.

Admissions & Application Process

The admission requirements and application process vary widely among online universities. Some institutions have selective enrollment, while others have open enrollment policies. 

Selective enrollment universities usually have stringent admission criteria, including minimum GPA, standardized test scores, and personal statements.

Open enrollment universities are ideal for those with varied academic backgrounds or individuals returning to education after work or military service. 

Investigate each university's admission requirements to find a fit that suits your circumstances.

Here are the top 10 highest paying jobs for Criminal Justice Degree Holders in the US, check it out.

Cost of an Online Criminal Justice Degree

Understanding the cost of your online criminal justice degree is imperative. Tuition rates per credit can vary significantly, along with additional fees for technology, transcripts, and graduation. 

Calculate the total cost of the program based on credit requirements and tuition rates. Consider whether you can transfer credits from previous college courses to reduce costs. Look for universities that offer trial periods or tuition locks to ensure affordability throughout your education journey.

If you are a working class applicant, ask your organisation if they have a scholarship scheme that can help you with tuition for the Online Criminal Justice Degree program you are about to undertake.

Financial Aid from Universities

When evaluating online criminal justice degree programs, it's essential to consider the financial aid options offered by the universities themselves. 

Look beyond student loans and investigate the average amount of institutional aid provided by each institution. This aid can significantly impact your overall tuition costs. 

Some universities offer progress scholarships or grants to keep you motivated throughout your degree program. Additionally, inquire about tuition lock options that ensure your costs remain consistent throughout your education.

Criminal Justice Degree Format

Online criminal justice degree programs come in various formats, each catering to different learning preferences and schedules. Short accelerated terms, traditional school terms, and self-paced formats are common options. 

To check out the Course Format for UPNG Law School, click here. 

Short accelerated terms, usually five to six weeks long, offer swift progression through courses. 

Traditional terms resemble the typical college experience, with eight to twelve-week terms. 

Self-paced formats allow you to complete courses at your own speed, accommodating busy schedules. Consider which format aligns best with your learning style and commitments.

Final thoughts...

Selecting the right online criminal justice degree program requires thoughtful consideration of multiple factors. 

Remember that your education's impact extends beyond your degree; it influences your future career and personal growth. Use the resources available to you, such as university websites and guides, to gather comprehensive information as you embark on this exciting educational journey.

Unemployment in PNG A Worsening Crisis

Papua New Guinea (PNG), a nation known for its rich natural resources, is facing a pressing problem: unemployment. Nipa-Kutubu MP Dr. Billy Joseph recently brought attention to the alarming rate of joblessness in the country during a parliamentary debate. He expressed concern over job security, particularly regarding work that foreigners are undertaking, which could easily be performed by PNG nationals. 

This article critically analyses the parliamentary debate on the unemployment issue and provides productive feedback, emphasising the need for immediate action.

The Unemployment Crisis in PNG

The lack of sufficient job opportunities has become a severe crisis in PNG. With a growing population and a high rate of youth unemployment, the country is grappling with significant socio-economic challenges. 

Job scarcity not only affects the livelihoods of individuals but also hinders the overall development and progress of the nation.

Government's Strategy and Response

In response to Dr. Billy Joseph's concerns, the Minister for Labour & Employment Kessy Sawang, asserted that the government is actively addressing the unemployment issue.

The government's primary strategy involves creating jobs through the construction of upcoming infrastructure and projects in the mineral resource sector. These initiatives aim to stimulate economic growth and boost employment prospects.

The government's ambitious plan to create a million jobs by 2027 sounds promising, but its execution and effectiveness need closer examination. While such plans can be visionary, they must be accompanied by practical steps and careful consideration of the sectors in which job creation is most feasible.

Foreign Workers in PNG

A significant concern raised during the parliamentary debate was the presence of foreign workers occupying jobs that could be done by PNG nationals. 

Approximately 41,000 jobs are reportedly held by foreigners, limiting employment opportunities for locals. 

The government must ensure that PNG citizens have access to job opportunities within their own country.

Productive Feedback and Immediate Actions Needed

While the government's commitment to job creation is commendable, more concrete and targeted measures are required to tackle the unemployment crisis effectively. 

Here are some productive feedback and immediate actions that should be considered:

1. Skill Development and Training Programs: The government should invest in skill development and training programs to enhance the employability of PNG nationals. By aligning training with the needs of various industries, individuals can acquire the skills demanded in the job market.

2. Promote Local Entrepreneurship: Supporting local entrepreneurs and small businesses can generate employment opportunities. The government should create an enabling environment for startups and provide them with the necessary support, such as access to funding and business mentorship. The concept used Women in Business in PNG concept and National Development Bank (NDB) can be adopted in this situation to make it work for the Youth and Unemployed.

3. Review Foreign Worker Policies: The government needs to review its policies on foreign workers to strike a balance between providing opportunities for skilled migrants and safeguarding the interests of PNG citizens

4. Invest in Key Sectors: Identifying key sectors with high growth potential and directing resources toward them can boost job creation. Industries like agriculture, tourism, and renewable energy hold immense potential for employment generation.

5. Encourage Private Sector Participation: The government should work in collaboration with the private sector to foster job growth. Incentives for businesses that create employment opportunities for PNG citizens can be beneficial.

6. Revamp Infrastructure Development: Expedite infrastructure projects to create immediate job opportunities. Such projects not only generate employment during construction but also contribute to the nation's long-term development.

Unemployment: The Government's Inaction

Unemployment is a pressing issue that requires urgent attention from the PNG government.  While the government's commitment to creating a million jobs by 2027 is promising, it must be accompanied by practical strategies, investments in skill development, and a focus on key sectors. 

Measures to address foreign worker policies and promote local entrepreneurship can play a vital role in tackling the unemployment issue effectively. 

The PNG government can take significant strides towards alleviating unemployment and fostering sustainable economic growth for the people IF IT STARTS TAKING THE BULL BY THE HORN, NOW!

Police and PNGDF Recruitment and Second Chance Education Plan 2029

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is grappling with challenges in law and order, defence, and education. Rising living costs, unemployment, and social problems have led to violence, especially affecting children and women. 

Prime Minister James Marape's government is responding with significant efforts to address these concerns and implement long-term plans for a better future.

CHECK OUT THE LATEST INFORMATION OF APPLICATION FORM AND CONTACTS HERE

Addressing the Breakdown of Law and Order

The recent killings of innocent individuals in various parts of the country have raised serious concerns about the state of law and order in PNG. 

The Prime Minister acknowledges that these issues cannot be overlooked, and it is the government's responsibility to take the lead in addressing them. 

Despite past reports and discussions in the media, concrete actions and firm approaches have been lacking.

On the 1st of August 2023, the Prime Minister assures the nation that his government is committed to finding lasting solutions to curb violence, and create a safer environment for all citizens in a parliament debate on the 1st of August 2023.

Investing in Police and Law Enforcement

The rising lawlessness and restlessness in the country are the consequences of long-neglected issues, particularly concerning the youth population. 

The lack of proper investment in education and job opportunities has left many young people without prospects, leading to a surge in crime and violence. 

The Prime Minister acknowledges that the government has not done enough in the past, and he aims to change this by allocating significant resources to the law and order sector.

Police and Defence Recruitment

To combat the prevailing lawlessness, the PNG government is taking significant steps to strengthen the police force and the entire law and justice sector. 

The 2023 budget has seen record allocations for the police and justice system, with an emphasis on increasing manpower and providing necessary resources. 

The government plans to recruit a thousand (1,000) new police officers annually until 2029, aiming to expand the police force to a level that can effectively handle the country's growing population and maintain law and order.

The Prime Minister is determined to prioritise the recruitment of new officers, retire outstanding obligations, and implement comprehensive reforms to improve police efficiency. 

Furthermore, the government is working in partnership with international organisations, such as the Australian government, to receive support in training and specialised interventions where necessary.

Here is a better way to recruit Police and Defence Officers in PNG, click here to find out. The current online recruitment process may not be as efficient as it was thought to be.

Second Chance Education for Youth

Recognising the critical role of education in curbing lawlessness and empowering the youth, the PNG government has initiated Second Chance Education programs. 

These programs provide an opportunity for those who have dropped out of school to return and continue their education. More than 80,000 youths have taken advantage of this initiative in, paving the way for a brighter future. 

The Prime Minister calls on other young people to embrace this opportunity and abstain from lawlessness, as education and skills development are essential for building a prosperous and peaceful nation.

PNG's Government Plan of Action to 2029

The developments in PNG's police and defence sectors, along with the implementation of Second Chance Education programs, are crucial steps toward addressing the nation's pressing challenges. 

While the issues of law and order may not be resolved overnight, the government's commitment and actions demonstrate a dedication to addressing the root causes and providing a conducive environment for growth and development. 

Prime Minister James Marape said that his government is making substantial investments and strategic plans to secure a safer and more prosperous future for all citizens. But, importantly, this remains to be seen!

Does the PNG Government Assist Women in Business?

Papua New Guinea (PNG) has recognised the crucial role of women in driving economic development and has taken steps to support and empower them through various initiatives. One of the key vehicles for this support is the National Development Bank (NDB). 

Established as the government's vehicle to create wealth and empower local businesses, the NDB has a specific program called the "Women in Business Desk," aimed at assisting Papua New Guinean women in their entrepreneurial endeavours.

Why is it Important for Women to be Involved in Business?

Before we take a look at what help is available for women in business in PNG, let's look at why women in PNG need to venture into business and tap into the help available. 

The PNG government recognises the vital role of women in economic development. Women need to be involved in business because their participation brings numerous benefits. 

Women's inclusion enhances diversity and creativity in the business landscape, leading to innovative solutions and increased competitiveness. By empowering women in business, economies can tap into a larger talent pool, driving growth and prosperity. 

Moreover, women's economic involvement leads to better livelihoods for families and communities, contributing to poverty reduction. When women succeed in business, they become influential role models, inspiring future generations of female entrepreneurs and fostering a more equitable society. 

Ultimately, women's participation in business is a catalyst for sustainable and inclusive development.

Read about the success of women in business in this article. Also, find out about the latest reseaches and papers on Women in Business, here.

 

Background of the National Development Bank (NDB)

The National Development Bank was established with a two-fold objective. First, to align itself with the National Government's 2050 Vision under the "Wealth Creation Pillar," and second, to develop a platform for the economic empowerment of women in PNG. 

The NDB Women in Business Desk was established in October 2010 to facilitate this vision and support women in various aspects of business.

Are Women Successful in Business in PNG?

Women in PNG have historically faced marginalisation and restrictions in contributing significantly to various spheres of life. However, recent trends, both globally and locally, have shown that women are becoming increasingly active in pursuing entrepreneurial ventures, seeking financial independence, and driving empowerment agendas. 

Recognising this potential, the NDB's Women in Business Desk was created to provide targeted support and assistance to women entrepreneurs.

The Impact of the Women in Business Desk

The Women in Business Desk has demonstrated its effectiveness in supporting women entrepreneurs in PNG. 

Within just 12 months of its establishment, the NDB witnessed an impressive 1000% growth in loans granted to women in the formal business sector. This growth indicates the significant role women are playing in contributing to PNG's economic development.

How to Access NDB's Women in Business Services

Accessing the NDB's Women in Business services is relatively straightforward. Interested women entrepreneurs need to contact the nearest NDB branch in their location and get in touch with the Women in Business representative. 

The NDB offers two types of loan packages tailored to meet the specific needs of women-owned and managed businesses.

1. Start-Up Loan Packages:

• Loan Amount: K5,000 to K100,000
• Interest Rate: 6.5%
• Equity: 30% (Cash Only)
• Guarantee: K100,000 (secured under the NDB Credit Guarantee Scheme)
• Term: 2-15 years
• Qualification: Only women-owned and managed businesses
• Ages Range: 18-55 years
• Support: Dedicated Women in Business officers, fast approvals, business training/seminars, mentoring, networking, clubs, awards, and incentive programs.

2. Grower Loan Package:

• Loan Amount: K100,000+
• Interest Rate: 6.5%
• Equity: 30% - Pure Historical/Historical & Cash Equity
• Security: Fully secured loans only or up to K100,000 to meet security shortfall.
• Term: 2-20 years
• Qualification: Only women-owned and managed businesses
• Ages Range: 18-55 years
• Support: Dedicated Women in Business officers, fast approvals, business training/seminars, mentoring, networking, clubs, awards, and incentive programs.

In this article, we take a look at other help available to 'Women in Business in Papua New Guinea. Click here to find out.

PNG Government Help: National Development Bank's Women in Business Desk

The National Development Bank's Women in Business Desk is a commendable initiative by the PNG Government to empower women in business and promote gender equality in economic development. 

Through accessible loan packages and comprehensive support programs, the NDB encourages women entrepreneurs to pursue their business aspirations, contribute to their families' well-being, and drive PNG's economic growth. 

As the program continues to evolve and expand, it is likely to play a significant role in fostering a more inclusive and prosperous business landscape for women in Papua New Guinea.

UNAM Portal Login: Accessing UNAM iEnablers for Success

The UNAM Portal is an essential tool for all UNAM students. It provides access to a variety of resources and services, including ''student iEnablers'', a vital support system that helps students succeed academically and personally.

What are student iEnablers?

Student iEnablers are people or services that help UNAM students succeed. They include academic advisors, student support services staff, career counselors, financial aid counselors, tutors, mentors, and student life program coordinators.

Student iEnablers are important because they can help students overcome a variety of challenges, both academic and personal. For example, student iEnablers can help students:

• Get involved in campus lift

• Find internships and jobs

• Develop effective study habits

• Manage their time effectively

• Choose the right courses and majors

• Access financial aid and other resources

How to get the most out of student iEnablers:**

To access student iEnablers, students can simply log in to the UNAM Portal and click on the "Student iEnablers" link (here is detailed instruction, check it out). This will take students to a list of all available student iEnablers, along with their contact information.

Here are some tips for getting the most out of student iEnablers:

• Be proactive and reach out to student iEnablers early on. The sooner you get help, the better.

• Be specific about your needs and goals. Student iEnablers can help you achieve your goals more effectively if they know what they are.

• Be open-minded to new ideas and suggestions. Student iEnablers have a wealth of experience and knowledge, so be willing to learn from them.

• Be grateful for the time and assistance that student iEnablers provide. Student iEnablers are there to help you succeed, so make the most of the resources and services they offer.

Examples of how student iEnablers can help students succeed:

• Academic advisors can help students choose the right courses and majors, develop a four-year plan, and track their progress towards graduation.

• Student support services counselors can help students with personal challenges such as stress, anxiety, and depression.

• Career counselors can help students develop a career plan, identify job opportunities, and prepare for interviews.

• Financial aid counselors can help students access financial aid and other resources to help pay for their education.

• Tutors can provide students with one-on-one help in specific subjects.

• Mentors can provide students with guidance and support as they navigate college life.

• Student life program coordinators can help students get involved in campus activities and clubs.

Conclusion

Student iEnablers are a valuable resource for all UNAM students. By accessing and using student iEnablers, students can increase their chances of success both academically and personally.

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Women in Business in Papua New Guinea: Constraints and Challenges

The role of women in business and leadership in Papua New Guinea (PNG) has been a subject of exploration and analysis for many years. Find out what is Women in Business in PNG, and what are the Successful models, challenges, and empowerment initiatives. Learn about women entrepreneurs and their economic impact.

In this latest article, we take a look at other help available to 'Women in Business in Papua New Guinea. Click here to find out.

PNG Insight photo file: Small Business Couple, Mt Hagen, WHP

To read about the Farmer in the photo above, click here.

Women in Business in Papua New Guinea

In October 2008, an AusAID study was conducted to profile women's businesses and explore issues faced by female entrepreneurs in the country.  

This article summarises the main findings of the study (link here, PDF) and presents recommendations for donors, the government, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to consider for empowering women in business and leadership in PNG.

Background on Women in PNG

The PNG government has made progress towards gender equality, with initiatives like the Equal Participation of Women plan in the PNG Constitution (Section 2, Paragraph 5). 

However, compared to other Pacific countries, PNG still faces significant challenges in achieving gender equality and women's empowerment. 

Factors such as cultural and social discrimination, limited resources, and lack of support from both men and women hinder the progress of women in business and leadership roles.

Women Doing Business in PNG - Key Barriers

Women entrepreneurs in PNG encounter various barriers that affect their economic development and business growth. The constraints on women's economic development stem from broader gender inequalities in the country. 

Limited access to productive resources, especially land, poses significant challenges for women. Moreover, women face difficulty in accessing finance and formal sector employment, with only a small percentage holding senior managerial positions.

Poor provision and maintenance of infrastructure, such as roads, transportation, and electricity, also hinder women's economic activities, especially in the informal sector. (Here is an example of a Road Connection in Western Highlands Province)

Women often become targets of unfair trading practices and anti-competitive behaviour, affecting their business operations. Lack of awareness of laws affecting business activity, poor legal support, and absence of sex-disaggregated data are additional barriers faced by women entrepreneurs.

PNG Insight Photo File: Mothers Selling Strawberries near Roadside

Recommendations

To address the barriers faced by women in business and leadership, several recommendations have been proposed:

1. Access to Land/Property

Review gender-neutral or discriminatory land laws to promote women's economic empowerment. Prioritise widows in CEDAW (UN Convention on the Elimination of all Discrimination Against Women) shadow report consultations and provide assistance to rural and remote areas. Invest in legal aid offices and hotlines for widows.

2. Legal/Regulatory Issues

Conduct awareness-raising training on laws, legal processes, contracts, intellectual property, and Fair Trade, especially in the mining sector. Support capacity-building in PNG's legal system and land administration to address discriminatory land laws and practices.

3. Access to Finance and Business Training and Education

Conduct a feasibility study on women's business incubation centres and microloans such as SMEs. Offer business and financial mentoring to address cultural and familial challenges for women entrepreneurs. Study different entrepreneurial cultures in different provinces to develop appropriate program designs.

4. Access to Regional Value-Added Markets 

Assist farming communities in accessing Fair Trade and organic certified product markets. Coordinate trader tours to meet with craft, jewellery, and fashion producers to stimulate business partnerships.

5. Women's Business Advocacy and Networking

Support the establishment of a Women's Chamber of Business with provincial branches. Generate ideas for promoting women's business networks and networking opportunities. Engage media to promote positive stories of successful women entrepreneurs.

To read about why it is important for women to be empowered in business ventures, CLICK HERE

Summary

Empowering women in business and leadership in PNG requires addressing the key barriers they face. 

By implementing the recommendations provided in the study, the PNG government, donor agencies, and NGOs can create an environment that fosters gender equality, supports women's economic development, and promotes inclusive business growth. 

Supporting women in business and leadership roles will not only benefit individual women but also contribute to PNG's overall economic growth and development.

To find out about Business Colleges in PNG, click here. (How to apply, GPA requirement and all you need to know as a Grade 12 student wanting to study business at a college or university next year)

FAQs about Women in Business in PNG

1. What is Women in Business in Papua New Guinea?

Women in Business in Papua New Guinea refers to the participation of women in various economic activities, including entrepreneurship, formal and informal businesses, and agricultural endeavours. It encompasses women's roles as business owners, managers, and employees in the country's diverse economic sectors.

2. What are successful business models for women in PNG?

Successful business models for women in Papua New Guinea vary depending on the sector and location. Some successful models include women-owned microenterprises in the agricultural sector, women artisans and craft producers promoting Fair Trade and organic products, and women entrepreneurs in the service industry. Additionally, women who have access to financial literacy training, mentorship, and support networks tend to have better chances of success in business.

3. Who are the women in business in PNG?

Women in business in Papua New Guinea come from diverse backgrounds and communities. They include women entrepreneurs, farmers, artisans, small-scale miners, and women engaged in various service-oriented businesses. These women play a vital role in contributing to the country's economy and local communities.

4. What are the key challenges faced by women in business in PNG?

Women in business in Papua New Guinea face several challenges, including limited access to land and property rights, lack of financial literacy and business skills, difficulty accessing finance, and cultural barriers that limit their economic opportunities. They also need help in terms of infrastructure limitations, poor legal support, and limited networking opportunities.

5. How can women's economic empowerment be promoted in PNG?

To promote women's economic empowerment in Papua New Guinea, it is essential to address these challenges. This can be achieved through initiatives such as:

• Reviewing and reforming gender-neutral or discriminatory land laws to ensure women's land ownership and decision-making rights.
• Providing business training and financial literacy programs tailored to women's needs.
• Creating women's business incubation centres and offering mentoring and support for women entrepreneurs.
• Facilitating access to regional and international markets, such as Fair Trade and organic markets, for women producers and exporters.
• Establishing a Women's Chamber of Business to promote networking and advocacy for women entrepreneurs.

Leave a comment and let us know what you think about Women in Business in Papua New Guinea or share your experience on PNG Insight. And importantly, do you think the PNG Government should assist women in business?

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What National Exam is the PSAT Aligned With?

The PSAT, or Preliminary SAT, is a well-known test taken by high school students across the United States. While it carries the "SAT" name, it's important to understand that the PSAT is not aligned with a specific national exam itself. Instead, it serves a crucial role in preparing students for a particular standardized test: the SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test). Let's take a look at this relationship and what it means for students to clarify the question - ''What national exam is the PSAT aligned with?''

PSAT: Practice Test for the SAT

The primary purpose of the PSAT is to act as a practice test for the SAT. The SAT is a significant component of college admissions in the United States. It assesses students' readiness for college and is used by many colleges and universities as a key factor in their admission decisions.

High school students typically take the PSAT in their sophomore or junior year. While it's a valuable tool for SAT preparation, it also plays a role in the National Merit Scholarship Program. To be eligible for this prestigious scholarship program, students need to score in the top 1% of PSAT takers in their junior year.

It's important to note that, in terms of college admissions, the PSAT itself doesn't carry the same weight as the SAT. A low PSAT score won't negatively impact your college applications, but a low SAT score might. On the other hand, excelling on the PSAT can lead to National Merit recognition, which can be a significant achievement.

PSAT vs. SAT: Key Differences

While the PSAT and SAT share similarities, they also have some key differences:

• Score Range: The PSAT is scored on a scale of 320-1520, whereas the SAT is scored on a scale of 400-1600. This means that the individual section score ranges differ as well.

• Timing: The amount of time and the number of questions for each section differ between the two tests. The SAT is slightly longer and has more questions, but the amount of time allotted per question is generally the same.

• The Essay: The SAT includes an optional essay, while the PSAT does not. Some colleges may require or recommend the SAT essay, so it's a crucial distinction between the two tests.

• Level of Difficulty: While both tests assess similar content, the SAT tends to have more abstract, analytical questions compared to the more concrete questions found on the PSAT.

Logistics and Cost

The PSAT is typically administered once a year in October, while the SAT is offered multiple times throughout the school year, providing more opportunities for students to retake it and improve their scores. Also, the cost of the PSAT is generally lower than that of the SAT, although fee waivers are available for both tests.

In terms of administration, the PSAT is usually held at schools, whereas the SAT is administered at both schools and test centers. This difference in administration can be important for homeschooled students or those whose schools do not offer the PSAT.

What national exam is the PSAT aligned with?

So, all in all, the PSAT (Preliminary SAT) is not aligned with a specific national exam. Instead, it is designed to be a practice test for the SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test), which is a standardized college admissions test commonly used in the United States. 

The PSAT is often taken by high school students, typically in their sophomore or junior year, as a way to prepare for the SAT and to potentially qualify for National Merit Scholarship Program recognition. 

In conclusion, while the PSAT and SAT share similarities, they have distinct purposes, score ranges, and logistical considerations. Understanding these differences can help students effectively prepare for both tests and make informed decisions about their college admissions journey.

US News Law School Ranking 2024: Analyzing the Top 10 and Changes in Methodology

The release of the annual U.S. News Law School Ranking is a significant event in the legal education landscape, eagerly awaited by aspiring law students, educators, and legal professionals. The ranking provides valuable insights into the perceived prestige and quality of law schools across the United States. 

In 2024, the U.S. News Law School Ranking saw some notable changes in methodology and shifts in the rankings, shedding light on the evolving landscape of legal education. 

In this article, we list the top 10 law schools according to the 2024 ranking, explore the key changes in the methodology, and discuss the pros and cons of using rankings to make informed decisions about law school choices.

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The Top 10 Law Schools in the U.S. According to the U.S. News Law School Ranking 2024

The U.S. News Law School Ranking for 2024 brought forward a dynamic and competitive list of law schools, revealing both familiar names and some surprising changes. 

The top 10 law schools according to the 2024 ranking are as follows:

1. Stanford University (Tied for 1st)

2. Yale University (Tied for 1st)

3. University of Chicago

4. University of Pennsylvania (UPenn)

5. Harvard University (Tied for 5th)

6. New York University (NYU) (Tied for 5th)

7. Duke University (Tied for 5th)

8. Columbia University (Tied for 8th)

9. University of Virginia (Tied for 8th)

10. University of California—Berkeley (Tied for 10th)

    Northwestern University (Tied for 10th)

    University of Michigan—Ann Arbor (Tied for 10th)

These rankings reflect a notable shift from previous years, with Columbia University experiencing the most significant drop from the top 5 to number 8. 

On the other hand, Duke University made a remarkable leap from number 11 to number 5, showcasing the dynamic nature of law school rankings.

Changes in Methodology for 2024

The 2024 U.S. News Law School Ranking introduced substantial changes to its methodology, resulting in a more consolidated ranking with increased emphasis on certain metrics. Noteworthy changes include:

1. Student Outcomes Metric:

The weight assigned to student outcomes increased from 26% to a substantial 58%. This metric encompasses employment 10 months after graduation and first-time bar passage rates, highlighting the importance of practical success for graduates.

2. Quality Assessment:

The quality assessment, which includes peer assessment and assessments from lawyers and judges, saw a decrease in weight from 40% to 25% of a school's rank.

3. Student Selectivity:

The metric evaluating LSAT scores, GPA, and acceptance rates dropped from 21% to 10% in the ranking calculation.

4. Resources Metric:

The resources metric, encompassing student-faculty ratio and student librarian ratio, saw a reduction in weight from 13% to 7%.

5. Expenditures and Financial Aid:

Expenditures per student and financial aid per student were eliminated from the ranking entirely.

These changes reflect a shift towards prioritizing practical outcomes and a reconsideration of factors like peer assessment in the ranking calculation. The increased focus on student outcomes underscores the importance of law schools in preparing graduates for the challenges of legal practice.

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Pros Choosing a Law School Based on Rankings:

• Initial Prestige: Higher-ranked law schools often have a strong reputation and may offer enhanced networking opportunities and potential career advantages.
• Resources and Opportunities: Higher-ranked schools tend to have more resources, leading to better facilities, faculty, and opportunities for experiential learning.
• Employment Prospects: A higher-ranking law school may provide better access to legal job placements and higher starting salaries.

Cons of Choosing a Law School Based on Rankings:

• Limited Focus: Rankings may not consider a school's specific programs, faculty expertise, or specialties, which might be crucial for a student's career goals.
• Inflated Focus on Rank: Overemphasis on rankings may divert attention from factors such as financial aid, location, and practical experience.
• Fluctuating Nature: Rankings can change drastically from year to year due to evolving methodologies, making long-term decisions based solely on rankings risky.

US News Law School Ranking 2024

The U.S. News Law School Ranking for 2024 offers a comprehensive overview of the top law schools in the United States and the evolving landscape of legal education. 

With changes in methodology emphasizing student outcomes and practical success, aspiring law students must recognize the limitations and benefits of relying solely on rankings. While rankings provide a snapshot of a law school's perceived prestige, they should be just one among many factors considered when making decisions about legal education. 

Importantly, the pursuit of legal education should align with personal values, career ambitions, and the desire to make a positive impact on the legal profession.